petition for

γράφω [pron. full] [ᾰ], [tense] fut.

A

- ψω Hdt.1.95

, etc.: [tense] aor. ἔγραψα, [dialect] Ep.

γράψα Il.17.599

: [tense] pf.

γέγραφα Cratin.124

, Th.5.26, etc.; later

γεγράφηκα PHib. 1.78.2

(iii B. C.):—[voice] Med., [tense] fut.

γράψομαι Ar. Pax 107

, etc. (but in pass. sense, Gal.Protr.13): [tense] aor.

ἐγραψάμην Ar.V. 894

, etc.:—[voice] Pass., [tense] fut.

γρᾰφήσομαι Hp.Acut.26

, Nicom.Com.1.39, ([etym.] μετεγ-) Ar.Eq. 1370; more freq.

γεγράψομαι S.OT 411

, Theoc.18.47, etc.: [tense] aor. ἐγράφην [ᾰ], Hdt.4.91, Pl.Prm. 128c, etc.;

ἐγράφθην SIG57.5

(Milet., v B. C.), Archim.Fluit.2.4: [tense] pf. γέγραμμαι (also in med. sense, v. fin.), [ per.] 3sg.

ἔγραπται Opp.C.3.274

; part. ἐγραμμένος or

ἠγρ- SIG9

(Elis, dub.), Leg.Gort.1.45, al.; later

γεγράφημαι Ph.2.637

: [ per.] 3pl.

γεγράφαται IG 12.57.10

, [dialect] Dor.

γεγράβανται Schwyzer 90.12

([place name] Argos): [tense] plpf.

ἐγέγραπτο X.Mem.1.2.64

: [ per.] 3pl.

ἐγεγράφατο D.C.56.32

. Used by Hom. only in [tense] aor. [voice] Act.:—scratch, graze,

αἰχμὴ γράψεν οἱ ὀστέον ἄχρις Il.17.599

; γράψας ἐν πίνακι πτυκτῷ θυμοφθόρα πολλά having marked or drawn signs thereon, 6.169: hence, later, represent by lines, draw, paint, Hdt.2.41, A.Eu.50, Pl.R. 377e; γῆς περιόδους γ. draw maps, Hdt.4.36;

γ. Ἔρωθ' ὑπόπτερον Eub.41.1

;

προσπεπατταλευμένον γ. τὸν Προμηθέα Men.535.2

;

ἀνδριάντα γ. Pl.R. 420c

; ζῷα γ., = ζωγραφεῖν (q. v.), Id.Grg. 453c: metaph.,

ὁπόσα τοὺς λειμῶνας αἱ ὧραι γράφουσι Philostr.Im.Praef.

:—[voice] Med.,

ζῷα γράφεσθαι Hdt.4.88

:—[voice] Pass.,

εἰκὼν γεγραμμένη Ar.Ra. 537

;

πίνακες γεγραμμένοι τὰ Ἀλεξάνδρου ἔργα Philostr.VA2.20

.

2 Math., describe a figure, Euc.Post.3, al., Archim.Sph.Cyl.1.23, al., Gal.1.47.

b of a point or line in motion, generate a figure, Arist.Mech. 848b10, al.;

τὸ σαμεῖον ἕλικα γράψει Archim.Sph.Cyl.1

, cf.Apollon.Perg.Con.1.2, Hero Aut.8.1.

3 brand, mark, Opp.C.1.326:—[voice] Pass. in form γεγράφαται, ib. 322.

II express by written characters, write, τι Hdt.1.125, etc.;

γ. διαθήκην Pl.Lg. 923c

, cf. X.Cyr.4.5.34 ([voice] Pass.); γ. τινὶ ὅτι .. Th.7.14; γ. τινί, c. inf., SIG552.13 (Abae, iii B. C.);

γ. τι εἰς διφθέρας Hdt.5.58

: prov.,

ὅρκους.. γυναικὸς εἰς ὕδωρ γράφω S.Fr. 811

, cf. Xenarch.6;

εἰς τέφραν γ. Philonid.7

; εἰς ὕδωρ, ἐν ὕδατι, Men. Mon.25, Pl.Phdr. 276c;

ἐν χρυσῷ πίνακι Id.Criti. 120c

;

ἐν φλοιῷ Theoc.18.47

;

καθ' ὕδατος Luc.Cat.21

;

εἰς πέλαγος γράμματα γράψαι Epigr.Gr.1038.8

([place name] Attalia):—[voice] Pass., πόθι φρενὸς γέγραπται in what leaf of memory it is written, Pi.O.10(11).3.

2 inscribe, γ. εἰς σκῦλα, εἰς στήλην, E.Ph. 574, D.9.41:—[voice] Pass., γράφεσθαί τι to be inscribed with a thing, S.Tr. 157;

ὧδε γέγραμμαι

have my name inscribed,

IG12(7).3

* (dub.); ἐν τῷ προσώπῳ γραφεὶς τὴν συμφοράν having it branded on his forehead, Pl.Lg. 854d; γεγραμμένα κωκύουσαν, of the hyacinth, Euph.40.

3 write down, γ. τινὰ αἴτιον set him down as the cause, Hdt.7.214; γ. τι ἱερόν τινι register as.., Pi.O.3.30; in magic, invoke a curse upon, Tab.Defix.Aud.14A1; γ. τινὰ κληρονόμον, ἐπίτροπον, institute by a written document, Pl.Lg. 923c, 924a; register, enrol,

ἐμὲ γράφε τῶν ἱππεύειν ὑπερεπιθυμούντων X.Cyr. 4.3.21

; οὐ Κρέοντος προστάτου γεγράψομαι, as a dependent of Cr., S. OT 411.

4 γ. τινί write a letter to one,

γ. σοὶ ἵνα εἰδῇς PGrenf. 1.11

ii 21 (ii B. C.), etc.;

εἴς τινα Luc.Syr.D.23

.

5 γ. περί τίνος write on a subject, X.Cyn.13.2, etc.;

ὑπέρ τινος Plb.1.1.4

, etc.; εἴς τινα against.., Longin.4.3; πρός τινα address a work to.., Id.1.3; describe,

οἱ ὑφ' ἡμῶν γραφόμενοι καιροί Plb.2.56.4

; esp. of Prose, opp. ποιεῖν, Isoc.2.48: c. dupl. acc.,

τί.. γράψειειν ἄν σε μουσοποιὸς ἐν τάφῳ

;

E.Tr. 1189

.

6 write down a law to be proposed: hence, propose, move, γνώμην, νόμον, ψήφισμα, etc., X.HG1.7.34, Ar.Nu. 1429, etc.: abs. (sc. νόμον), D.18.179;

γ. καὶ νομοθετεῖν περί τινος Id.24.48

; γ. πόλεμον, εἰρήνην, Id.10.55, 19.55: c. inf.,

σὺ γράφεις ταῦτ' εἶναι στρατιωτικά Id.1.19

;

ἔγραψα.. ἀποπλεῖν.. τοὺς πρέσβεις Id.18.25

; enact,

νόμοι οὓς τὸ πλῆθος συνελθὸν ἔγραψε X.Mem.1.2.42

:—[voice] Pass.,

παρὰ τὰ γραφέντα δρᾶν Pl.Plt. 295d

;

τὸ γεγραμμένον ὑπὸ σοῦ ψήφις μα Din.1.70

.

7 prescribe, ordain,

πότμος ἔγραψε Pi.N.6.7

.

8 ὁ γράφων τὸν Ὀξυρυγχίτην (sc. νομόν ) the secretary for the nome of Oxyrhynchus, POxy.239.1 (i A. D.);

τῷ ἰδίῳ λόγῳ γράφοντι τὸν νομόν PFlor.358.5

(ii A. D.).

B [voice] Med., write for oneself or for one's own use, note down, Hdt. 2.82, IG12.57.39, etc.;

γ. τι ἐν φρεσίν A.Ch. 450

(lyr.);

φρενῶν ἔσω S.Ph. 1325

; ἐγραψάμην ὑπομνήματα I wrote me down some memoranda, Pl.Tht. 143a; cause to be written,

συγγραφήν D.56.6

, etc.; γ. πρόσοδον πρὸς τὴν βουλήν petition for a hearing before the Council, Id.24.48.

2 enrol oneself,

γράψασθαι φυλῆς καὶ δήμου καὶ φρατρίας IG12.374.16

, ib.2.115b21: abs., of colonists, Pl.Lg. 850b; but also (cf. A.11.3), ἕνα τῶν μαθητῶν ἐμὲ γράφου enrol me as one of your disciples, Id.Cra.428b.

3 as law-term, γ. τινά to indict one, τινός for some public offence, e.g. τῆς αἰσχροκερδείας, Pl.Lg. 754e;

γ. [τινὰ] παρανόμων D.18.13

; in full,

γραφὴν γράψασθαί τινα Ar.Nu. 1482

(but in [voice] Pass., εἴ σοι γράφοιτο δίκη ib. 758);

γράψασθαι δίκας SIG344.38

([place name] Teos): c. acc. et inf.,

γ. τινὰ ἀδικεῖν Ar.V. 894

, cf. Pax 107: abs., οἱ γραψάμενοι the prosecutors, Id.V. 881;

ἑτέροις οὐκ ἦν γράψασθαι And.1.75

; also γράφεσθαί τι indict an act, i. e. the doer of it, as criminal, ἐγράψατο τὴν Χαβρίου δωρειάν he brought a γραφὴ παρανόμων against the person who proposed the grant to Chabrias, D.20.146, cf. 95; τὸ χάριν τούτων ἀποδοῦναι παρανόμων γράφει ([ per.] 2sg.) Id.18.119.

b [voice] Pass., to be indicted,

γραφεὶς ἀπέφυγον D.18.103

; τοῦτο τὸ ψήφισμα ἐγράφη παρανόμων was indicted as illegal, Aeschin.3.62; ψηφίσματα ὑπὸ τούτου οὐδὲ γραφέντα not even indicted, D.18.222 (but in 18.28, εἰ μὴ τοῦτ' ἐγράφη if this decree had not been proposed, as [voice] Pass. of A. 11.6); τὰ γεγραμμένα the articles of the indictment, Id.18.56; τὸ γεγραμμένον the penalty named in the indiclment, Id.24.83:—but γέγραμμαι usu. takes the sense of the [voice] Med., indict, Id.18.59, 119, cf. Pl.Euthphr.2b, Tht. 210d.

ἀναφέρω fut. ἀνοίσω LXX (also Just., D. 112 al.), 2 aor. ἀνήνεγκα (late form) and ἀνήνεγκον (B-D-F §80; 81; W-S. §13, 13; Mlt-H. 263); pf. ἀνενήνοχα LXX. Pass.: fut. ἀνενεχθήσομαι LXX; aor. ἀνηνέχθην (s. φέρω; Hom.+ in var. mngs.; ins, pap, LXX; TestSol 10:9 L; TestAbr, TestJob, Test12Patr; JosAs 10:4; ParJer; GrBar 8:4; ApcSed [-φέρυσται 10:3;-φέρνεται p. 133, 36 Ja.]; ApcMos 32; ApcZeph; Philo, Aet. M. 64; Jos., Bell. 1, 234, C. Ap. 1, 232)

① to cause to move from a lower position to a higher, take, lead, bring up, of pers. ἀ. αὐτοὺς εἰς ὄρος ὑψηλόν he led them up a high mountain Mt 17:1; Mk 9:2. Pass. ἀνεφέρετο εἰς τ. οὐρανόν he was taken up into heaven (of Romulus: Plut., Numa 60 [2, 4]; of Endymion: Hes., Fgm. 148 Rz. τὸν Ἐνδυμίωνα ἀνενεχθῆναι ὑπὸ τοῦ Διὸς εἰς οὐρανόν; schol. on Apollon. Rhod. 4, 57 and 58 p. 264, 17) Lk 24:51 (MParsons, The Departure of Jesus in Luke-Acts ’87). ἀναφερόμενοι εἰς τὰ ὕψη IEph 9:1.

② to carry and hand over someth. to someone, deliver ἀνήνεγκεν τῷ ἱερεῖ (Mary) delivered to the priest her purple and scarlet embroidery work GJs 12:1 (pap; mss. v.l. ἀπ-). Of food, Syn. w. αἴρω GJs 18:2 (s. αἴρω 2b).

③ to offer as a sacrifice, offer up, specif. a cultic t.t. (SIG 56, 68; Lev 17:5; 1 Esdr 5:49; Is 57:6; 2 Macc 1:18; 2:9 al.; ParJer 9:1f; Did., Gen. 219, 15) ἀ. θυσίας ὑπέρ τινος offer sacrifices for someth. Hb 7:27. ἀ. τινὰ ἐπὶ τὸ θυσιαστήριον (Gen 8:20; Lev 14:20; Bar 1:10; 1 Macc 4:53; Just., D. 118, 2 θυσίας) offer up someone on the altar Js 2:21. Of Jesus’ sacrifice: ἑαυτὸν ἀνενέγκας when he offered up himself Hb 7:27. τὰς ἀμαρτίας ἡμῶν αὐτὸς ἀνήνεγκεν ἐν τῷ σώματι αὐτοῦ ἐπὶ τὸ ξύλον he himself brought our sins in his body to the cross 1 Pt 2:24 (cp. Dssm., B 83ff [BS 88f]). Pol 8:1 (Is 53:12).—Fig. (schol. on Apollon. Rhod. 2, 214b χάριν=render thanks to the divinity) ἀ. θυσίαν αἰνέσεως offer up a sacr. of praise Hb 13:15 (cp. 2 Ch 29:31). ἀ. πνευματικὰς θυσίας 1 Pt 2:5. ἀ. προσευχάς offer prayers 2 Cl 2:2. ἀ. δέησιν περί τινος offer up a petition for someth. B 12:7.

④ take up as a burden, take up. In Is 53:11 ἀ. is used to translate סָבַל, in vs. 12 for נָשָׂא, and in the corresponding passages in our lit. ἀ. is often rendered ‘bear’ or ‘take away’. But ἀ. seems not to have these meanings. Very often, on the contrary, it has a sense that gives ἀνα its full force: lay or impose a burden on someone, give something to someone to bear, as a rule, in fact, to someone who is not obligated to bear it (Aeschyl., Choeph. 841 ἄχθος; Polyb. 1, 36, 3; 4, 45, 9; Diod S 15, 48, 4; 32, 26, 1; Appian, Liby. 93; Syr. 41, where the other defendants were τὴν αἰτίαν ἐς τὸν Ἐπαμεινώνδαν ἀναφέροντες, i.e. putting the blame on Epaminondas. The Lex. Vind. p. 12, 3 sees in Eur., Or. 76 ἐς Φοῖβον ἀναφέρουσα τ. ἁμαρτίαν and in Procop. Soph., Ep. 7 p. 535 H. proof that ἀναφέρειν is used ἀντὶ τοῦ τὴν αἰτίαν εἰς ἕτερον τιθέναι.) In a case in which a man takes upon himself the burden that another should have borne, then ἀ.= take upon oneself (Thu. 3, 38, 3 ἡ πόλις τὰ μὲν ἆθλα ἑτέροις δίδωσιν, αὐτὴ δὲ τοὺς κινδύνους ἀναφέρει=the city gives the prizes to others, but she takes the dangers upon herself). Christ was once for all offered up in this respect (εἰς 5) that he assumed the sins of many Hb 9:28. Cp. 1 Cl 16:12, 14.—M-M. TW. Spicq.

πρόσοδος, [dialect] Dor. [full] πόθοδος SIG1009.27 (Chalcedon, iii/ii B.C.), etc.; Arc. [full] πόσοδος IG5(2).6.9 (Tegea, iv B.C.): ἡ:—

A going or coming to, approach, Pi.N.6.45, Th.4.110; ἡ π. μάλιστα ταύτῃ ἐγίνετο the approach was most feasible on this part, Hdt.9.21; ἀπείπατο τὴν π. rejected his advances, Id.1.205; στυγναὶ π. μελάθρων to the halls, E. Alc. 861 (anap.);

π. χαλεπαὶ πρὸς τὸ χωρίον X.An.5.2.3

;

ἐτάμομες κοινὰν πόθοδον.. πὸτ τὰν οἰκίαν Tab.Heracl.2.43

.

2 onset,

π. ποιέεσθαι Hdt.7.223

, 9.101; πρόσοδοι τῆς μάχης onsets or attacks, Id.7.212;

αἱ π. αἱ πρὸς τοὺς πολεμίους X.Cyn.12.3

.

3 solemn procession to a temple with singing and music,

π. μακάρων ἱερώταται Ar.Nu. 307

(lyr.), cf. Pax 397 (lyr.);

θυσίαι καὶ π. καὶ εὐχαί Lys.6.33

;

ἐπιτελέων τᾶν εὐχᾶν γενομενᾶν θυσίαν καὶ πόθοδον ποιήσασθαι SIG581.6

(Crete, iii/ii B.C.); οἱ ἐπὶ τὰς προσόδους magistrates in charge of the (commissariat of the) processions, ib.711B21 (Delph., ii B.C.), cf. IG22.1707 (iii B.C.);

θεοῖς π. τε καὶ πομπὰς ποιεῖσθαι Pl.Lg. 796c

; αἱ πρὸς τοὺς θεοὺς π. X.An.6.1.11, cf. D.18.86.

4 approach to an assembly or council,

πρόσοδον εἶναι αὐτῷ πρός τε τοὺς πρυτάνεις κτλ... πρώτῳ μετὰ τὰ ἱερὰ ὅταν τι δέηται IG12.59.17

; γράψασθαι πρόσοδον πρὸς τὴν βουλήν to petition for a hearing, D.24.48;

π. ποιεῖσθαι πρὸς τὸν δῆμον Aeschin.1.81

, cf. IG22.1012.12, 9(1).694.39 ([place name] Corcyra), 12(5).837.20 ([place name] Tenos); αἱ πρὸς τὴν βουλὴν αὐτῶν π. Aeschin.2.59;

περὶ σωτηρίας τὴν π. ἐποιησάμην Isoc.7.1

; approach to an official, PTeb.326.11 (iii A.D.); π. ποιήσασθαι τῷ δικαστηρίῳ Mitteis Chr. 96 iii 4 (iv A.D.);

τὴν π. πρὸς ὑμᾶς ποιοῦμεν BGU1022.18

(ii A.D.); οἱ στραταγοὶ πόσοδον ποέντω shall grant access (to the Three Hundred), IG5(2) l.c. (unless in signf. 11, shall provide revenue), cf. IG12.70.15.

5 sexual intercourse, Hp.Epid.6.3.14 (pl.), Aret.SA2.12 (pl.).

6 visit of a pupil to his master, Plu.2.1044a.

7 f.l. for πρόοδος in Ph.Fr.22H.

II income, rent, opp. stock or principal,

πρόσοδον μὲν οὐδεμίαν ἀποφαίνων, ἀπὸ δὲ τῶν ὑπαρχόντων ἀναλίσκων Lys.32.28

, cf. 24.6, SIG251 iii 29 (Delph., iv B.C.); τοῦ ἐργαστηρίου λαβὼν τὴν π. D.27.18, cf. 21: pl.,

ἰδίας ἀπὸ τῶν κοινῶν π. κατεσκευάσατο And.4.11

, cf. Aeschin.3.173: generally, returns, profits, Pl.Lg. 847a.

2 public revenue,

φόρων π. ἡ ἐπέτειος Hdt.3.89

;

ἡ π. ἐγίνετο ἔκ τε τῆς ἠπείρου καὶ ἀπὸ τῶν μετάλλων Id.6.46

; χρημάτων π. Th.2.97, 3.13: mostly in pl., returns, revenue,

ἀπὸ τούτου [τοῦ κλήρου] τὰς π. ποιήσασθαι Hdt.2.109

; τοῦ τὰς π. μᾶλλον ἰέναι αὐτῷ that they might come in better, Th.1.4; τὰς π. ἀφαιρήσομεν ib.81;

αἱ π. ἀπώλλυντο Id.7.28

;

αἱ π. αἱ ἐξ Ἀμφιπόλεως γιγνόμεναι Isoc.5.5

;

χρημάτων π. ἐκ πολλῶν μὲν λιμένων ἐκ πολλῶν δ' ἐμπορίων X.HG5.2.16

; ὑποθεῖναί τινι τὰς δημοσίας π. mortgage them, Aeschin.3.104; πόροι ἢ περὶ προσόδων, title of work by X.;

ὁ πράκτωρ ὁ ἐπὶ τῶν βασιλικῶν π. τεταγμένος PPetr.3p.56

(iii B.C.); ἡ ἐν προσόδῳ τῶν τέκνων τοῦ βασιλέως [γῆ] land providing revenue for the king's children, ib.p.237 (iii B.C.);

ἐν προσόδῳ PTeb.87.1

(ii B.C.); κεχωρισμένη π. ib.60.56, al. (ii B.C.);

τῶν ὄντων ἐν τῇ τῆς Ἁθερνεβενταίγεως προσόδῳ ἀρουρῶν PGiss. 37 ii 3

, cf. 14 (ii B.C.); ὡς αἱ π. according to the financial calendar, PEnteux.30.2, al. (iii B.C.), PPetr.3p.8, al. (iii B.C.).

ἔντευξις, εως, ἡ (Pla. et al.; ins, pap [s. esp. PEnteux]; 2 Macc 4:8; TestSol D 2:5), in our lit.

① a formal request put to a high official or official body, petition, request, an administrative t.t. (Polyb. 5, 35, 4; Diod S 16, 55, 3; Plut., Tib. Gracch. 829 [11, 6]; EpArist 252; Jos., Ant. 15, 79; Just., A I, 1, 1; ins, pap [Mitteis, Grundzüge 13ff; RLaqueur, Quaestiones epigraph., diss. Strassb. 1904, 8ff; Wilcken, APF 4, 1908, 224; OGI 138 n.10; Dssm., B 117f; 143f (BS 121; 146); OGuéraud, Enteux. Cavassini, Aegyptus 35, ’55, 299ff; ESeidl, Ptolem. Rechtsgesch ’62, 65; HWolff, D. Justizwesen der Ptolem. ’62, 127ff]); the letter fr. the church at Rome to the church at Corinth calls itself a petition, appeal 1 Cl 63:2; so does the sermon known as 2 Cl (19:1).—Since a petition denoted by ἔ. is preferably directed to a king, the word develops the mng.

② prayer (Plut., Numa 70 [14, 12] ποιεῖσθαι τὰς πρὸς τὸ θεῖον ἐντεύξεις; En 99:3; TestSol D 2:5), and chiefly

ⓐ intercessory prayer (w. προσευχή, the general word for prayer, and εὐχαριστία, a prayer of thanksgiving; s. Elbogen² 4ff; 73) 1 Ti 2:1; cp. Hs 2:5ab; Hs 5, 4, 3.

ⓑ gener. prayer Hm 5, 1, 6; 10, 3, 2f; 11:9, 14; Hs 2:5c, 6, 7.

ⓒ It can even approach the sense prayer of thanksgiving 1 Ti 4:5 (=εὐχαριστία vss. 3, 4).

ⓓ The context requires the sense power of intercession Hm 10, 3, 3 end; Hs 5, 4, 4.—New Docs 4, 104. DELG s.v. τυγχάνω. M-M. TW. Spicq.

διακονέω (s. two next entries) impf. διηκόνουν; fut. διακονήσω; 1 aor. διηκόνησα; pf. inf. δεδιηκονηκέναι (AssMos Fgm. k, Denis p. 67); aor. pass. διηκονήθην, for augm. s. B-D-F §69, 4; W-S. §12, 6; Mlt-H. 192 (Soph., Hdt. et al.; rare in ins, pap; never in LXX, but in Philo, Joseph.) gener. to render service in a variety of ways either at someone’s behest or voluntarily and freq. with suggestion of movement.

① to function as an intermediary, act as go-between/agent, be at one’s service w. intermediary function either expressed or implied (lead tablet Sb 4947, 2 διακόνησόν μοι; in lover’s petition ‘serve as intermediary [medium] for me’ PWarr 21, 4; 8; Lucian, Cont. 1 of Hermes as messenger for Zeus; Theophr. Char. 2, 9 fetch things; Just., D. 79, 2; cp. the role of Repentance JosAs 15:7) w. dat. of pers. and acc. of thing οὐχ ἑαυτοῖς ὑμῖν δὲ διηκόνουν αὐτά they were not acting as agents in their own behalf but for yours in the things 1 Pt 1:12 (for a service consisting in the delivery of a message cp. Jos., Ant. 6, 298). For a similar contrast, and with suggestion of an intermediary’s mission: οὐκ ἦλθεν διακονηθῆναι ἀλλὰ διακονῆσαι came not to be served, but to serve Mt 20:28; Mk 10:45 (i.e. the Human One [Son of Man] came to carry out an assignment not to benefit himself but others [by giving his life in ransom]; cp. Mt 4:11; par. Mk 1:13 [service rendered by divine messengers]). Of Jesus carrying out his mission [ἀ]νῆλθε[ν δια]κονῶν AcPl BMM verso 13f.— Phlm 13 suggests that Onesimus can be used by Paul on assignment in behalf of the gospel. πορεύομαι … διακονῶν τοῖς ἁγίοις on an errand to God’s people (REB) Ro 15:25 (s. 3).—Of delivery of an object: χάρις διακονουμένη ὑφʼ ἡμῶν gift that we are transmitting (a ref. to the collection for whose delivery they have accepted responsibility) 2 Cor 8:19; cp. vs. 20. In imagery, ἐπιστολὴ Χριστοῦ διακονηθεῖσα ὑφʼ ἡμῶν a letter of Christ, delivered by us 2 Cor 3:3 (WBaird, Letters of Recommendation: JBL 80, ’61, 190).

② to perform obligations, without focus on intermediary function

ⓐ of unspecified services perform duties, render assistance, serve τινί someone (Demosth. 9, 43; UPZ 18, 23 [163 B.C.]; δαίμοσι δ. Orig., C. Cels. 2, 51, 38) Mt 8:15; Mk 1:31; Lk 4:39; GJs 6:3; διακονοῦσαι αὐτῷ being at his service Mt 27:55; cp. Mk 15:41. διακόνει μοι serve me Hs 8, 4, 1, cp. 2; J 12:26; Ac 19:22. Also εἰς ἑαυτοὺς αὐτὸ δ. serve one another w. it 1 Pt 4:10. W. acc. of thing ὅσα διηκόνησεν what services he rendered 2 Ti 1:18; cp. Hs 2:10. Abs. (POxy 275, 10 [I A.D.]) 1 Pt 4:11. Pass. (Jos., Ant. 10, 242); ἁπλῶς δ. complete a service in simplicity of heart Hm 2:6.

ⓑ of attention at meals wait on someone (τινί) at table (Menand., Fgm. 272; Pyrgion [Hellenistic times]: 467 Fgm. 1 Jac. [a communal meal in Crete]; Diod S 4, 36, 2; 5, 28, 4; Philo, Vi. Cont. 70; TestJob 12:1 al.; Jos., Ant. 11, 163; 166) Lk 12:37; 17:8. Abs. 10:40; J 12:2; GJs 6:3. In imagery ὡς ὁ διακονῶν waiter Lk 22:26f.

③ to meet an immediate need, help w. dat. (Iren. 1, pr. 3 [Harv. I 7, 1]) πότε οὐ διηκονήσαμέν σοι; when did we not help you? Mt 25:44 (but s. 4, Collins). ἐκ τῶν ὑπαρχόντων helped to support them w. their means Lk 8:3 (KTorjesen, When Women Were Priests ’93, 53ff); the saints Ro 15:25 (JO’Rourke, CBQ 29, ’67, 116–18; but s. 1); Hb 6:10.

④ to carry out official duties, minister, in cultic context (of holy service at the altar Jos., Ant. 3, 155; cp. PGM 36, 304 and 335 παρὰ θεοῖς δ.) of διάκονοι 1 Ti 3:10; καλῶς δ. vs. 13. ἀγνῶς καὶ σεμνῶς Hv 3, 5, 1. Opp. κακῶς Hs 9, 26, 2. Collins (s. below) p. 65 argues for placement of Mt 25:44 in this classification: those consigned to perdition plead their total dedication to the Lord’s interests.

⑤ Ac 6:2 poses a special problem: care for, take care of w. dat. of thing τραπέζαις look after tables can be understood of serving food at tables (cp. βούλομαι … διακονῆσαι τοῖς πτωχοῖς σήμερον ἐν τῇ σῇ τραπέζῃ TestJob 12:1), but it is improbable that some widows would be deprived of food at a communal meal. The term διακονία vs. 1 more probably refers to administrative responsibility (s. διακονία 5), one of whose aspects is concern for widows without specifying the kind of assistance that is allotted. Vs. 2 may contain wordplay involving the phrase τὸν λόγον τοῦ θεοῦ, w. λόγος designating a ledger entry, in which case τράπεζα, which is also a banker’s term (s. L-S-J-M s.v. II), may here denote accounts (s. τράπεζα 1c).—WBrandt, Dienst u. Dienen im NT ’31; ESchweizer, D. Leben des Herrn in d. Gemeinde u. ihren Diensten ’46; PBoulton, Διακονέω and Its Cognates in the 4 Gospels: TU 73, ’59, 415–22. JCollins, Diakonia ’90.—DELG s.v. διάκονος. M-M. TW.

περί (Hom.+) prep. w. gen. and acc., in our lit. not w. dat. (B-D-F §203; Rob. 617; see the lit. s.v. ἀνά, beg.) lit. ‘round about’

① w. the gen. to denote the object or pers. to which (whom) an activity or esp. inward process refers or relates, about, concerning

ⓐ after verbs that denote an oral or written expression or its reception, a mental action, knowing, thinking, recognizing, etc., about, concerning; s. the entries ἀκούω 1c and 3c, ἀναγγέλλω 2 end, ἀπαγγέλλω 1, ἀπολογέομαι, γνωρίζω 1, γογγύζω, γράφω 2c, δηλόω, διαβεβαιόομαι, διαλέγομαι 1, διδάσκω 2d, διηγέομαι, εἶπον 1a, ἐντέλλω, ἐπιστέλλω, κατηχέω, λαλέω 2aγ, λέγω 1bδ; λόγον αἰτεῖν, ἀποδιδόναι, διδόναι, ποιεῖσθαι (s. λόγος 2a); μαρτυρέω 1b, μνημονεύω 1c, ὁμιλέω, πυνθάνομαι, προκαταγγέλλω, προφητεύω, ὑπομιμνῄσκω, χρηματίζομαι; ἀγνοέω 1a, ἀπορέω, ἐπινοέω, ἐπίσταμαι 2, οἶδα 1h, πέπεισμαι (s. πείθω 4), πιστεύω 1aβ. Also used w. the substantives belonging to these verbs or verbs w. similar mngs.: ἀπολογία 2a, γογγυσμός; διήγησις, εὐαγγέλιον, ἦχος 2, πρόφασις, φήμη; s. these entries. γινώσκω J 7:17. συμφωνέω Mt 18:19. τί ὑμῖν δοκεῖ περὶ τοῦ Χριστοῦ; what do you think of the Christ? 22:42.

ⓑ after verbs that express considering, asking, examining, charging, judging, censuring, punishing, praising, etc., on account of, because of, for, concerning. S. the entries ἀποστοματίζω, ἀπορέω, διαπορέω, ἐγκαλέω, εἶδον (3: deliberate concerning), ἐκζητέω 1, ἐλέγχω 2 and 3, ἐξετάζω 1 and 2b, ἐπερωτάω 1a, ἐπιζητέω 1b, ἐρωτάω 1, ζητέω 2, κατηγορέω, παραμυθέομαι.—διαλογίζομαι Lk 3:15. κρίνω J 8:26. λιθάζω 10:33. θεὸν αἰνέω Lk 19:37. περὶ οὗ … οἱ κατήγοροι οὐδεμίαν αἰτίαν ἔφερον his accusers brought no charge of this kind Ac 25:18 (BWeiss, Preuschen take περὶ οὗ w. σταθέντες, which immediately follows it, and understand it to mean ‘around him’, ‘near him’ [περί τινος in this sense IG XIV, 2508, 4]).—S. also the entry ζήτημα.

ⓒ after verbs that denote emotion. S. the entries ἀγανακτέω, θαυμάζω 1aβ, καυχάομαι, σπλαγχνίζομαι.

ⓓ after verbs of caring (for). S. the entries μέλει 1b, μεριμνάω, προβλέπω.

ⓔ after other verbs and expressions, mostly with regard to, with reference to, in relation to, w. respect to εὐλογεῖν Hb 11:20. ἀναβαίνειν περὶ τοῦ ζητήματος go up about the question Ac 15:2. ἐντολὰς λαμβάνειν Col 4:10. ἐξουσίαν ἔχειν 1 Cor 7:37 (s. ἐξουσία 1). περὶ πάντων εὐοδοῦσθαι be well off in all respects 3J 2 (περὶ π.=‘in all resp.’: Pla., Gorg. 23, 467d.—Others take it as ‘above all’; cp. Il. 1, 287; 21, 566).

ⓕ w. certain verbs and nouns such as ‘ask’, ‘pray’, ‘prayer’, etc., περί introduces the pers. or thing in whose interest the petition is made. Thus it takes the place of ὑπέρ (B-D-F §229, 1; Rob. 618; WSchulze, Zeitschr. für vergl. Sprachforschung 44, 1911, 359: Callim., Epigr. 55, 3.—SIG 1170, 30 περὶ τούτου παρεκάλεσα τὸν θεόν; POxy 1298, 4; 1494, 6; JosAs 28:5 ἐξιλάσομαι αὐτοὺς περὶ ὑμῶν; EpArist 273) for. S. the entries δέομαι b, δέησις, ἐρωτάω 2, παρακαλέω 3. προσεύχεσθαι (Gen 20:7; 1 Km 7:5; 2 Macc 1:6; 15:14) Lk 6:28; Col 1:3 (v.l. ὑπέρ); 4:3; 1 Th 5:25; 2 Th 1:11; 3:1; Hb 13:18. προσευχὴ γίνεται Ac 12:5. Παῦλος ἐσταυρώθη περὶ ὑμῶν; 1 Cor 1:13 v.l. (for ὑπέρ). τὸ αἷμα τὸ περὶ πολλῶν ἐκχυννόμενον Mt 26:28 (cp. Nicol. Dam.: 90 Fgm. 730, 29 p. 415, 29 Jac. περὶ τῶν διαδόχων αὐτοῦ ἅπαν … παθεῖν). ἀγῶνα ἔχω περὶ ὑμῶν Col 2:1 v.l. (for ὑπέρ).

ⓖ when used w. ἁμαρτία the word ‘for’ has the sense to take away, to atone for περὶ ἁμαρτίας (Num 8:8) Ro 8:3 (difft. TThornton, JTS 22, ’71, 515–17). Ἰ. Χρ. τοῦ δόντος ἑαυτὸν περὶ τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν ἡμῶν Gal 1:4 v.l. (for ὑπέρ; CBreytenbach, Versöhnung ’89, 197). περὶ ἁμαρτιῶν ἔπαθεν 1 Pt 3:18 (v.l. ἀπέθανεν). Cp. Hb 5:3c. προσφορὰ περὶ ἁμαρτίας 10:18. θυσία περὶ ἁμαρτιῶν vs. 26. εἰσφέρεται τὸ αἷμα περὶ ἁμαρτίας 13:11. τὸ περὶ τῆς ἁμαρτίας (i.e. προσφερόμενον) the sin-offering (Lev 6:23; 14:19) Hb 10:6, 8 (both Ps 39:7).

ⓗ περί τινος abs. at the beginning of a sentence concerning, with reference to (GrBar 8:6; Just., A I, 15, 1 al.; SIG 736, 1; PEleph 13, 4f; BGU 246, 13; 17; 1097, 5 [c. 50 A.D.]; 1095, 9 [57 A.D.]) περὶ ὧν (=περὶ τούτων ἃ) ἐγράψατε concerning the things you wrote (to me) 1 Cor 7:1 (s. γράφω 2c). Cp. 8:1; 16:1, 12. In other, seemingly similar, places it is to be connected w. the verb that follows: Mt 22:31; 24:36; Mk 12:26; 13:32; 1 Cor 7:25; 8:4; 12:1; 2 Cor 9:1; 1 Th 4:9; 5:1. (Cp. the formulation of answers by Claudius in PLond 1912; on Paul’s rhetorical use, cp. Demosth. 7, 1; 14; 18; 30; 39; MMitchell NovT 31, ’89, 229–56.)

ⓘ w. the art. τὰ περί τινος what concerns someone or someth., his or its circumstances, situation, condition (X., An. 2, 5, 37 ὅπως μάθοι τὰ περὶ Προξένου; Sir 19:30; TestJob 41:3; JosAs 19:2; GrBar 4:12; Just., A I, 33, 5; Tat. 36, 2) τὰ περὶ (τοῦ) Ἰησοῦ the reports about Jesus, concerning his miracles Mk 5:27; of Jesus’ passion experiences Lk 24:19; of the preaching about Jesus Ac 18:25; cp. 28:31. τὰ περὶ ἑαυτοῦ (αὐτοῦ, ἐμοῦ, ἐμαυτοῦ, ἡμῶν, ὑμῶν) Lk 24:27; Ac 23:11, 15; 24:10; 28:15; Eph 6:22; Phil 1:27; 2:19f; Col 4:8.—τὰ περὶ τῆς βασιλείας τοῦ θεοῦ the things concerning the Kgdm. of God Ac 1:3; 19:8 (v.l. without the art.). τὰ περὶ τῆς ὁδοῦ 24:22 (ὁδός 3c).

② w. the acc., gener. in ref. to position rather than mental or emotional considerations as in the use of the gen., about

ⓐ of place around, about, near (TestJob 40:6 περί τινα φάτνην; 12 περὶ τὴν οἰκίαν; Ath. 25, 1 ἄγγελοι … περὶ τὸν ἀέρα ἔχοντες καὶ τὴν γῆν)

α. (all) around ἕως ὅτου σκάψω περὶ αὐτήν until I dig (all) around it Lk 13:8. περιαστράψαι φῶς περὶ ἐμέ Ac 22:6b. αἱ παρθένοι ἑστηκυῖαι περὶ τὴν πύλην who stood about the door Hs 9, 3, 2.

β. of a part of the body around which someth. goes (Heraclid. Pont. Fgm. 55 W. περὶ τὸ μέτωπον; PsSol 2:20 περὶ τὴν κεφαλήν; TestJob 46:9 περὶ τὸ στῆθος; JosAs 3:9 περὶ τὰς χεῖρας): a belt περὶ τὴν ὀσφύν around the waist Mt 3:4; Mk 1:6 (JosAs 14:16); cp. Rv 15:6. A millstone περίκειται περὶ τὸν τράχηλον Mk 9:42; Lk 17:2 (JosAs 18:5); cp. Mt 18:6.

γ. of nearby places: αἱ περὶ αὐτὰς πόλεις the towns near them (Sodom and Gomorrah) Jd 7. τὰ περὶ τὸν τόπον the region around the place Ac 28:7 (Diod S 1, 50, 6 τὰ π. τὴν Μέμφιν; Strabo 12, 7, 3). Without the art. περὶ Τύρον καὶ Σιδῶνα the neighborhood of T. and S. Mk 3:8.

δ. of persons who are standing, sitting, working or staying close to someone ὄχλον περὶ αὐτόν Mt 8:18; cp. Mk 9:14. τοὺς περὶ αὐτὸν κύκλῳ καθημένους Mk 3:34; cp. vs. 32. οἱ περὶ αὐτόν those about him, his followers Mk 4:10; Lk 22:49. The central person in the group can be included: οἱ περὶ Παῦλον Paul and his companions Ac 13:13; 21:8 v.l. οἱ περὶ τὸν Πέτρον Peter and those with him short ending of Mark; GHb 356, 38f= ISm 3:2; cp. GHb 22, 39 (Pla., Thu., X.; Diod S 11, 40, 3; 11, 61, 3 οἱ περὶ τὸν Κίμωνα=Cimon and his men; ins, pap; 2 Macc 1:33; 8:30; 4 Macc 2:19; JosAs 26:5; Jos., Bell. 5, 10, Ant. 18, 354 al.; Tat. 36, 1 al.; B-D-F §228; Rob. 620). οἱ περὶ τὸν κεντυρίωνα the centurion and his men GPt 11:45. πρὸς τὰς περὶ Μάρθαν καὶ Μαριάμ J 11:19 v.l. prob. means only the two sisters to Martha and Mary (cp. Phalaris, Ep. 136; Polyb. 4, 36, 6; 21, 11, 2; Diod S 1, 16, 1; 1, 37, 3; 16, 85, 2 οἱ περὶ Χάρητα καὶ Λυσικλέα=Chares and Lysicles [are made generals]; Plut., Tib. Gracch. 825 [2, 3] οἱ περὶ Δροῦσον = Δροῦσος, Pyrrh. 395 [20, 1] οἱ περὶ Γάϊον Φαβρίκιον = Γάϊος Φαβρίκιος; Diog. L. 2, 43 οἱ περὶ Αἰσχύλον=Aeschylus; 2, 105; EpArist 51; Philo, Vi. Cont. 15; Jos., Ant. 13, 187; 15, 370, C. Ap. 1, 17). οἱ π. τὸν Παῦλον Ac 27:1a v.l.=Παῦλος vs. 1b.

ⓑ of time about, near (Hdt., Thu., X. et al.; PGen 17, 10; PGiss 70, 7; Gen 15:12; Ex 11:4) περὶ τρίτην ὥραν (Appian, Bell. Civ. 2, 45 §182; TestAbr A 5 p. 82, 11 [Stone p. 12] and B 6 p. 109, 27 [Stone p. 66]; Jos., Vi. 239; cp. 243; PSI 184, 5 χθὲς περὶ ἕκτην ὥραν) about the third hour Mt 20:3. Likew. w. the hour given vs. 5f, 9; 27:46; Ac 10:3 (ὡσεὶ περὶ ὥραν ἐνάτην; ApcMos 17 περὶ ὥραν, ὅταν), 9; cp. Mk 6:48; Ac 22:6a.

ⓒ of being occupied with (Just., D. 2, 5 χρόνον ἐκτρίβειν περὶ ἐκεῖνα τὰ μαθματα; 8, 3 τῆς περὶ τὸ θεῖον ὁρμῆς; Tat. 27, 3; Ath. 17, 3) περισπᾶσθαι (q.v. 2), θορυβάζεσθαι περί τι Lk 10:40f. οἱ π. τὰ τοιαῦτα ἐργάται the workers who were occupied with such things (s. ἐργάτης 1a) Ac 19:25.

ⓓ with regard or respect to (Diod S 2, 18, 2 ἡ περὶ αὐτὴν ἀρετή=her valor; Lucian, Vit. Auct. 17 οἱ περὶ μοιχείαν νόμοι; ApcEsdr 1:6 δικάσασθαι … περὶ τὸ γένος τῶν χριστιανῶν; Jos., Ant. 5, 259; Mel., HE 4, 26, 13 σου τὸ σπουδαῖον περὶ τὴν πίστιν) ἀστοχεῖν 1 Ti 6:21; 2 Ti 2:18. ναυαγεῖν 1 Ti 1:19. νοσεῖν have a morbid craving for someth. (s. νοσέω) 6:4. περὶ πάντα in all respects Tit 2:7.—Pol 4:3; παράδοξον περὶ Ἰοῦστον … γέγονος a miracle that took place involving Justus Papias (2:9). On 2 Cl 17:2 s. ἀνάγω 5.—τὰ περὶ ἐμέ my situation, how I am getting along (Menand., Sam. 623 S. [Kö. 278]; UPZ 68, 6 [152 B.C.] τὰ περὶ Ἀπολλώνιον; Just., A I, 54, 2 τὰ περὶ τὸν Χριστόν; Tat. 8, 4 τὰ περὶ σέ; Jos., Ant. 2, 60) Phil 2:23. αἱ π. τὰ λοιπὰ ἐπιθυμίαι desires for other things Mk 4:19.—DELG. M-M. TW.

ἐπιούσιος, ον according to Origen, De Orat. 27, 7, coined by the evangelists. Grave doubt is cast on the one possible occurrence of ἐ. which is independent of our lit. (Sb 5224, 20), by BMetzger, How Many Times Does ἐ. Occur Outside the Lord’s Prayer?: ET 69, ’57/58, 52–54=Historical and Literary Studies, ’68, 64–66; it seems likely that Origen was right after all. Found in our lit. only w. ἄρτος in the Lord’s Prayer Mt 6:11; Lk 11:3; D 8:2. Variously interpreted: Sin. Syr. (on Lk) and Cur. Syr. אמינא continual (DHadidian, NTS 5, ’58/59, 75–81); Peshitta דסונקנן for our need; Itala ‘panis quotidianus’, ‘daily bread’; Jerome ‘panis supersubstantialis’ (on this JHennig, TS 4, ’43, 445–54); GHb 62, 42 מָחָר = Lat. ‘crastinus’ for tomorrow. Of modern interpretations the following are worth mentioning:

① deriving it fr. ἐπὶ and οὐσία necessary for existence (in agreement w. Origen, Chrysostom, and Jerome are e.g. Beza, Tholuck, HEwald, Bleek, Weizsäcker, BWeiss, HCremer; Billerb. I 420; CRogge, PhilolWoch 47, 1927, 1129–35; FHauck, ZNW 33, ’34, 199–202; RWright, CQR 157, ’56, 340–45; HBourgoin, Biblica 60, ’79, 91–96; Betz, SM p. 398f, with provisional support).

② a substantivizing of ἐπὶ τὴν οὖσαν sc. ἡμέραν for the current day, for today (cp. Thu. 1, 2, 2 τῆς καθʼ ἡμέραν ἀναγκαίου τροφῆς; Vi. Aesopi W. 110 p. 102 P. τὸν καθημερινὸν ζήτει προσλαμβάνειν ἄρτον καὶ εἰς τὴν αὔριον ἀποθησαύριζε. Cp. Pind., O. 1, 99.—Acc. to Artem. 1, 5 p. 12, 26–28 one loaf of bread is the requirement for one day. S. ἐφήμερος.)—ADebrunner, Glotta 4, 1912, 249–53; 13, 1924, 167–71, SchTZ 31, 1914, 38–41, Kirchenfreund 59, 1925, 446–8, ThBl 8, 1929, 212f, B-D-F §123, 1; 124, PhilolWoch 51, ’31, 1277f (but s. CSheward, ET 52 ’40/41, 119f).—AThumb, Griechische Grammatik 1913, 675; ESchwyzer II 473, 2.

③ for the following day fr. ἡ ἐπιοῦσα sc. ἡμέρα (cp. schol. Pind., N. 3, 38 νῦν μὲν ὡς ἥρωα, τῇ δὲ ἐπιούση ὡς θεόν=today viewed as a hero, on the morrow a god; s. ἔπειμι): Grotius, Wettstein; Lghtf., On a Fresh Revision of the English NT³ 1891, 217–60; Zahn, JWeiss; Harnack, SBBerlAk 1904, 208; EKlostermann; Mlt-H. p. 313f; PSchmiedel: W-S. §16, 3b note 23, SchTZ 30, 1913, 204–20; 31, 1914, 41–69; 32, 1915, 80; 122–33, PM 1914, 358–64, PhilolWoch 48, 1928, 1530–36, ThBl 8, 1929, 258f; ADeissmann, Heinrici Festschr. 1914, 115–19, RSeeberg Festschr. 1929, I 299–306, The NT in the Light of Modern Research, 1929, 84–86; AFridrichsen, SymbOsl 2, 1924, 31–41 (GRudberg ibid. 42; 3, 1925, 76); 9, 1930, 62–68; OHoltzmann; ASteinmann, D. Bergpredigt 1926, 104f; FPölzl-TInnitzer, Mt⁴ ’32, 129f; SKauchtschischwili, PhilolWoch 50, 1930, 1166–68.—FStiebitz, ibid. 47, 1927, 889–92, w. ref. to Lat. ‘diaria’=the daily ration of food, given out for the next day; someth. like: give us today our daily portion—acc. to FDölger, Ac 5, ’36, 201–10, one loaf of bread (likew. WCrönert, Gnomon 4, 1928, 89 n. 1). S. also s.v. σήμερον.

④ deriving it fr. ἐπιέναι ‘be coming’

ⓐ on the analogy of τὸ ἐπιόν=‘the future’, bread for the future; so Cyrillus of Alex. and Peter of Laodicea; among the moderns, who attach var. mngs. to it, esp. ASeeberg, D. 4te Bitte des V.-U., Rektoratsrede Rostock 1914, Heinrici Festschr. 1914, 109; s. LBrun, Harnack-Ehrung 1921, 22f.

ⓑ in the mng. ‘come to’: give us this day the bread that comes to it, i.e. belongs to it; so KHolzinger, PhilolWoch 51, ’31, 825–30; 857–63; 52, ’32, 383f.

ⓒ equal to ἐπιών= next acc. to TShearman, JBL 53,’34, 110–17.

ⓓ the bread which comes upon (us) viz. from the Father, so AHultgren, ATR 72, ’90, 41–54.

ⓔ The petition is referred to the coming Kingdom and its feast by: REisler, ZNW 24, 1925, 190–92; JSchousboe, RHR 48, 1927, 233–37; ASchweitzer, D. Mystik des Ap. Pls 1930, 233–35; JJeremias, Jesus als Weltvollender 1930, 52; ELittmann, ZNW 34, ’35, 29; cp. EDelebecque, Études grecques sur l’évangile de Luc ’76, 167–81.—S. also GLoeschcke, D. Vaterunser-Erklärung des Theophilus v. Antioch. 1908; GWalther, Untersuchungen z. Gesch. d. griech. Vaterunser-Exegese 1914; DVölter, PM 18, 1914, 274ff; 19, 1915, 20ff, NThT 4, 1915, 123ff; ABolliger, SchTZ 30, 1913, 276–85; GKuhn, ibid. 31, 1914, 33ff; 36, 1919, 191ff; EvDobschütz, HTR 7, 1914, 293–321; RWimmerer, Glotta 12, 1922, 68–82; EOwen, JTS 35, ’34, 376–80; JHensler, D. Vaterunser 1914; JSickenberger, Uns. ausreichendes Brot gib uns heute 1923; PFiebig, D. Vaterunser 1927, 81–83; GDalman, Worte² 1930, 321–34; HHuber, D. Bergpredigt ’32; GBonaccorsi, Primi saggi di filologia neotest. I ’33, 61–63; 533–39; JHerrmann, D. atl. Urgrund des Vaterunsers: OProcksch Festchr. ’34, 71–98; MBlack, JTS 42, ’41, 186–89, An Aramaic Approach³, ’67, 203–7, 299f, n. 3; SMowinckel, Artos epiousios: NorTT 40, ’42, 247–55; ELohmeyer, D. Vaterunser erkl. ’46.—Lit.: JCarmignac, Recherches sur le ‘Notre Père’, ’69; CHemer, JSNT 22, ’84, 81–94; Betz, SM 396–400.—M-M. EDNT. TW. Spicq. Sv.

① petition addressed to deity, prayer (polyth. pap BGU 1080, 4 [III A.D.] κατὰ τὰς κοινὰς ἡμῶν εὐχὰς καὶ προσευχάς; LXX; pseudepigr.; Jos., Bell. 5, 388, w. less prob. [s. 2] C. Ap. 2, 10, Ant. 14, 258) IEph 1:2; 5:2; 10:2; 11:2; IMg 14:1; IPhld 5:1; ISm 11:1, 3. αἱ πρ. τῶν ἁγίων Rv 5:8; 8:3f.—1 Pt 3:7. W. δέησις Ac 1:14 v.l.; Eph 6:18; Phil 4:6; IMg 7:1; cp. 1 Ti 2:1; 5:5 (s. δέησις). W. εὐχαριστία ISm 7:1. W. ἐλεημοσύναι Ac 10:4; διὰ τὴν πρ. IPol 7:1; διὰ τῶν πρ. Phlm 22; ἐν (τῇ) πρ. through prayer Mk 9:29; IEph 20:1; IPhld 8:2; in prayer IRo 9:1; ἐν ταῖς πρ. in the prayers IMg 14:1; ITr 13:1; Col 4:12. W. the same mng. ἐπὶ τῶν πρ. Ro 1:10; Eph 1:16; 1 Th 1:2; Phlm 4; κατὰ τὴν πρ. IPhld 10:1. ἡ πρ. τοῦ θεοῦ prayer to God Lk 6:12. Also πρ. γινομένη πρὸς τὸν θεόν Ac 12:5; cp. πρὸς τὸν κύριον AcPl Ha 6, 9 (πρ. πρός as Ps 68:14). ὥστε … ἐκτενῆ ὑπὸ πάντων πρ. γενέσθαι τῷ Παύλῳ so that prayers were said fervently by all for Paul AcPl Ha 6, 7. W. νηστεία Mt 17:21; Mk 9:29 v.l. Fasting called better than prayer 2 Cl 16:4a. Prayer fr. a good conscience saves fr. death, vs. 4b; drives out demons Mk 9:29. τὰς πρ. ἀναφέρειν πρὸς τὸν θεόν (ἀναφέρειν προσευχάς Orig., C. Cels. 8, 73, 32; s. ἀναφέρω 3) 2 Cl 2:2; προσκαρτερεῖν τῇ πρ. Ac 1:14; Ro 12:12; Col 4:2; cp. Ac 2:42; 6:4 (w. τῇ διακονίᾳ). ἐκπεσεῖν τῆς πρ. AcPl Ha 2, 8. σχολάζειν τῇ πρ. 1 Cor 7:5 (on prayer and abstinence s. TestNapht 8:8); see IPol 1:3. νήφειν εἰς προσευχάς 1 Pt 4:7; καταπαύειν τὴν πρ. MPol 8:1; ἀναπαύειν τὴν πρ. AcPl Ha 4, 32. αἰτεῖν ἐν τῇ πρ. Mt 21:22. προσευχῇ προσεύχεσθαι pray earnestly Js 5:17. In a kneeling position or prone on the ground; hence ἀναστὰς ἀπὸ τῆς πρ. Lk 22:45; ἐγείρεσθαι ἀπὸ τῆς πρ. Hv 2, 1, 3; εἰσηκούσθη ἡ πρ. Ac 10:31; ἀκούειν πρ. AcPl Ha 2, 14. τὸ ἴδιον ἔργον τῆς πρ. 4, 28. Public, communal prayer ἡ μετʼ ἀλλήλων πρ. ITr 12:2. αἱ πρ. ὑπέρ τινος πρὸς τὸν θεόν intercessions to God on behalf of someone Ro 15:30; ὥρα τῆς πρ. Ac 3:1 (s. ἔνατος and the lit. there.—On a fixed time for prayer s. Marinus, Vi. Procli 24 καιρὸς τῶν εὐχῶν; also 22, end). οἶκος προσευχῆς (=בֵּית־תְּפִלָּה Is 56:7) house of prayer Mt 21:13; Mk 11:17; Lk 19:46. On προσέρχεσθαι ἐπὶ προσευχήν D 4:14 s. προσέρχομαι 2. Cp. B 19:12.—For lit. s. προσεύχομαι, end.

② a place of or for prayer, place of prayer Ac 16:13, 16. Esp. used among Jews, this word is nearly always equivalent to συναγωγή in the sense of a cultic place (s. συναγωγή 2a; SKrauss, Pauly-W. 2 ser. IV, ’32, 1287f; ins New Docs 3, 121f; 4, 201f). But many consider that the πρ. in Ac 16:13, 16 was not a regular synagogue because it was attended only by women (vs. 13), and because the word συν. is freq. used elsewh. in Ac (e.g. 17:1, 10, 17); the πρ. in our passage may have been an informal meeting place, perh. in the open air (s. BSchwank VD 3, ’55, 279).—In the rare cases in which a polyth. place of prayer is called πρ., Jewish influence is almost always poss. (reff. fr. lit., ins and pap in Schürer II 425f; 439–47; Mayser I/3² ’36 p. 19; Boffo, Iscrizioni 39–60. See also 3 Macc 7:20 al.; SEG VIII, 366, 6 [II B.C.], also reff. in XLII, 1849; Dssm., NB 49f [BS 222f]; MStrack, APF 2, 1903, 541f; Philo; perh. Jos., C. Ap. 2, 10 and Ant. 14, 258 [contradictory positions on the latter in Schürer II 441, 65 and 444, 76]; Elbogen² 445; 448; 452; SZarb, De Judaeorum προσευχή in Act. 16:13, 16: Angelicum 5, 1928, 91–108; also συναγωγή 2). But such infl. must be excluded in the case of the ins fr. Epidaurus of IV B.C. (IG IV²/1, 106 I, 27), where the Doric form of προσευχή occurs in the sense ‘place of prayer’: ποτευχὰ καὶ βωμός. Hence it is also improbable in IPontEux I², 176, 7 and in Artem. 3, 53 p. 188, 27; 189, 2.—RAC VIII 1134–1258; IX 1–36; BHHW I 518–23. MHengel, Proseuche u. Synagoge, KGKuhn Festschr., ’71, 157–84; Schürer II 423–63.—DELG s.v. εὔχομαι. M-M. EDNT. TW. Sv.

προσεύχομαι impf. προσηυχόμην; fut. προσεύξομαι; 1 aor. προσηυξάμην (on the augment s. W-H., App. 162; Tdf., Prol. 121; B-D-F §67, 1; Mlt-H. 191f) mid. dep. to petition deity, pray (Aeschyl., Hdt.+; PEdg 7 [=Sb 6713], 10 [257 B.C.]; Sb 3740 [I A.D.] Ἄττηος προσεύχεται τοῖς ἐν Ἀβύδῳ θεοῖς; LXX; pseudepigr.; Philo, Joseph.; Ar. [Milne 76, 37f]; Ath. 11, 2) abs. (Demochares [300 B.C.]: 75 Fgm. 2 Jac.; Dio Chrys. 35 [52], 1) Mt 6:5–7; 14:23; 26:36; Mk 1:35; 6:46; Lk 1:10; 5:16; Ac 1:24; 6:6; 1 Cor 11:4f (on the topic of head covering s. PTomson, Paul and the Jewish Law [CRINT III/1] ’90); 14:14b; 1 Ti 2:8 (on the topic of prayer for gentiles s. Schürer II 311f); Js 5:13, 18; MPol 5:2; 7:3; 12:3; Hv 1, 1, 4; 3, 1, 6; 5:1; Hs 9, 11, 7a; D 8:2. AcPl Ha 1, 32; 2, 12; 4, 23; 7, 19; 11, 14 (restored) and 22; AcPlCor 2:30. Followed by a prayer introduced by λέγων (Is 44:17; cp. Did., Gen. 223, 28) Mt 26:42; Lk 22:41; cp. Mt 26:39; Lk 11:2 (on the Lord’s Prayer see TManson, The Sayings of Jesus ’54, 165–71; EGrässer, D. Problem der Parusieverzögerung, ’57, 95–113; HBetz, Essays on the Sermon on the Mount ’85, SM 370–86 [lit.]). W. dat. of pers. to whom the prayer is addressed (so predom. outside our lit.; see B-D-F §187, 4; cp. Rob. 538) πρ. τῷ θεῷ pray to God (Diod S 13, 16, 7 τοῖς θεοῖς; Chariton 3, 10, 6 θεῷ; Athen. 13, 32, 573d τῇ θεῷ; Philostrat., Vi. Apollon. 5, 28 p. 186, 9 τοῖς θεοῖς; Jos., Ant. 10, 252; cp. 256; τῷ ἐπὶ πᾶσι θεῷ Orig., C. Cels. 8, 26, 17) 1 Cor 11:13; τῷ κυρίῳ πρ. (TestJos 3:3; 7:4) Hv 1, 1, 3; 2, 1, 2; τῷ πατρὶ πρ. Mt 6:6b. Also πρὸς τὸν θεόν (LXX; ParJer 6:1) Hv 1, 1, 9. πρὸς κύριον GJs 20:2 (pap, not codd.; but 2:4 codd., not pap). W. dat. of manner πρ. γλώσσῃ, τῷ πνεύματι, τῷ νοί̈ pray in a tongue, in the spirit, with understanding 1 Cor 14:14a, 15; ἐν πνεύματι πρ. Eph 6:18; cp. Jd 20 (s. Borger, GGA 140); προσευχῇ πρ. pray earnestly Js 5:17. ἀδιαλείπτως 1 Th 5:17; IEph 10:1; Hs 9, 11, 7b. ἀδεῶς MPol 7:2a. πρ. ὑπέρ τινος pray for someone or someth. (Philostrat., Vi. Apoll. 8, 26 p. 340, 5; LXX; ApcMos 36; Ath.; Hippol., Ref. 9, 23, 3) Mt 5:44 (cp. Ro 12:14 and Plut., Mor. 275d); Col 1:9; IEph 10:1; 21:2; ISm 4:1; D 1:3. Also πρ. περί τινος (LXX; s. περί 1f) Lk 6:28; Col 1:3; 1 Th 5:25; Hb 13:18; ITr 12:3; MPol 5:1; D 2:7; GJs 8:2. Foll. by ἵνα (B-D-F §392, 1c) Mt 24:20; 26:41; Mk 13:18; 14:38; Lk 22:40, 46. τοῦτο πρ. ἵνα Phil 1:9. περί τινος ἵνα Col 4:3; 2 Th 1:11; 3:1. περί τινος ὅπως Ac 8:15. ὑπέρ τινος ὅπως Js 5:16 v.l. Foll. by gen. of inf. w. art. (B-D-F §400, 7; Rob. 1094) τοῦ μὴ βρέξαι Js 5:17. πρ. ἐπί τινα (ἐπί 1cγ) vs. 14 (cp. Marinus, Vi. Procli 20b: Proclus, on his deathbed, has his friends recite hymns to him). W. acc. foll., which refers to the content or manner of the prayer (Philostrat., Vi. Apoll. 6, 18 p. 229, 32) ταῦτα πρ. Lk 18:11. μακρὰ πρ. make long prayers Mk 12:40; Lk 20:47.—W. acc. of the thing prayed for πρ. τι pray for someth. (X., Hell. 3, 2, 22 νίκην) Mk 11:24; Ro 8:26 (on the ability of the ordinary person to pray see Philosoph. Max. p. 497, 7 μόνος ὁ σοφὸς εἰδὼς εὔχεσθαι=only the wise man knows how to pray).—FHeiler, Das Gebet⁵ 1923 (lit.); FDölger, Sol Salutis: Gebet u. Gesang im christl. Altert.² 1925 (material fr. history of religions); JDöller, Das G. im AT in rel.-gesch. Beleuchtung 1914; AGreiff, Das G. im AT 1915; JHempel, G. u. Frömmigkeit im AT 1922, Gott u. Mensch im AT² ’36; Elbogen² 353ff; 498ff.—EvdGoltz, Das G. in der ältesten Christenheit 1901; IRohr, Das G. im NT 1924; JMarty, La Prière dans le NT: RHPR 10, 1930, 90–98; JNielen, G. u. Gottesdienst im NT ’37; HGreeven, G. u. Eschatologie im NT ’31. LRuppoldt, D. Theol. Grundlage des Bittgebetes im NT, diss. Leipzig ’53; AHamman, La Prière, I (NT), ’59.—JoachJeremias, D. Gebetsleben Jesu: ZNW 25, 1926, 123–40; AJuncker, Das G. bei Pls 1905, Die Ethik des Ap. Pls II 1919, 55–72; CSchneider, Αγγελος IV ’32, 11–47 (Paul); EOrphal, Das Plsgebet ’33; J-AEschlimann, La Prière dans S. Paul ’34; GHarder, Pls u. d. Gebet ’36; AKlawek, Das G. zu Jesus 1921; AFrövig, D. Anbetung Christi im NT: TTK 1, 1930, 26–44; EDelay, A qui s’adresse la prière chr.? RTP 37, ’49, 189–201.—OHoltzmann, Die tägl. Gebetsstunden im Judentum u. Urchristentum: ZNW 12, 1911, 90–107, HWagenvoort, Orare: Precari: Verbum, HWObbink Festschr., ’64, 101–11 (prayer among the Romans); RMerkelbach, MTotti, eds., Abrasax: Ausgewählte Papyri religiösen u. magischen Inhalts, I: Gebete ’90; FHickson, Roman Prayer Language ’93; JCharlesworth, ed., The Lord’s Prayer and Other Prayer Texts fr. the Greco-Roman Era ’94 (lit. 186–201); MKiley, ed., Prayer fr. Alexander to Constantine (tr. only) ’97.—B. 1471. M-M. EDNT. TW.

-εως ⁺ ἡ N 3 0-15-4-40-22=81 1 Kgs 8,28.30.38.45.52

entreaty, petition, supplication 1 Kgs 8,38; want, need Sir 38,34; prayer Sir 35,13

*Jb 8,6 δεήσεως ἐπακούσεταί σου he will listen to your supplication -עליך יעתר (ni.) he let him be implored by you for MT עליך יעיר he would rouse himself for you, he will keep watch over you; *Jb 16,20 δέησις supplication-רנה for MT רע friend?

Cf. BICKERMAN 1962b=1980 318; ENGEL 1985, 106-107; HORSLEY 1987, 86; SILVA 1972, 66;

→NIDNTT; TWNT

εὐκταῖος, α, ον pert. to being an object of petition, prayed for, and what is prayed for may be said to be wished for (so Aeschyl., Pla.+; PGiss 68, 3 [II A.D.]; Philo; Jos., Ant. 1, 292 al.; Mel., HE 4, 26, 7) εἰρήνη 1 Cl 65:1 (w. ἐπιπόθητος).—DELG s.v. εὔχομαι.

ἀναφορ-ά, ἡ, ([etym.] ἀναφέρομαι)

A coming up, rising,

ἀ. ποιεῖσθαι

rise,

Arist.HA 622b7

; of vapours or exhalations, Placit.3.7.4, Theol.Ar. 31, cf. Orib.9.16.3, etc.

2 Astron., ascent of a sign measured in degrees of the equator, Ptol.Tetr. 134.

b Astrol., = ἐπαναφορά, τόπος next to a κέντρον, Vett.Val.19.18.

c ascendant, Cat.Cod.Astr.8(3).100; opp. ἀπόκλιμα, Serapion in Cat.Cod.Astr. 1.99, S.E.M.5.20, etc.

d rising of a sign, Ach.Tat.Intr.Arat. 39.

II ([etym.] ἀναφέρω) carrying back, reference of a thing to a standard,

διὰ τὸ γίνεσθαι ἐπαίνους δι' ἀναφορᾶς Arist.EN 1101b20

; in Law, recourse,

ἐκείνοις εἶναι εἰς τοὺς ἔχοντας ἀναφοράν D.24.13

: abs., Thphr. Char.8.5 (pl.), IG5(1).1390.111 (Andania, i B.C.);

ἡ ἀ. ἐστι πρός τι Arist.Cat. 5b20

, al.; ἀ. ἔχειν πρός or ἐπί τι to be referable to.., Epicur. Fr. 409, Plb.4.28.3, Plu.2.290e, al.; ἀ. τινος γίγνεται πρός or ἐπί τι, Plb.1.3.4, Plu.2.1071a;

ἐπ' ἀναφορᾷ τῇ πρὸς τὸν δῆμον BCH46.312

([place name] Teos); ἀ. ἔχειν ἐπί τι, of writings, refer to, Alex.Aphr.in Mete.4.1; τούτων εἰς Κυναίγειρον ποιήσασθαι τὴν ἀναφοράν assign to, give credit for.., Polem.Call.23.

2 way of retreat,

ὑπέλιπε ἑαυτῷ ἀναφοράν D.18.219

;

νῦν δὲ αὑτοῖς μὲν κατέλιπον τὴν εἰς τὸ ἀφανὲς ἀναφοράν Aeschin. 2.104

, cf. Plb.15.8.13, etc.

3 means of repairing a fault, defeat, etc.,

ἀλλ' ἔστιν ἡμῖν ἀ. τῆς ξυμφορᾶς E.Or. 414

;

ἀ. ἁμαρτήματος ἔχειν

way to atone for..,

Plu.Phoc.2

;

ἀ. ἔχειν

means of recovery,

Id.Fab. 14

.

4 offering, LXX Ps.50(51).21;

ἡ ἀ. τοῦ πνεύματος τοῦ λεκτικοῦ PMag.Par.2.281

.

5 report, PLond.1.17.34 (ii B.C.), etc.

6 petition, PRyl.119.28(i A.D.).

7 payment on account, instalment, OGI225 (Milet.), PEleph.14.26 (iii B.C.), PRev.Laws16.10 (iii B.C.), etc.

8 Rhet., repetition of a word, Longin.20.1, Demetr.Eloc, 141.

9 office of ἀναφορεύς, LXX Nu.4.6,10.

10 Medic., = ἀνάδοσις, opp. πέψις, Aret.SD2.7.

III ceiling of a wine-press, Gp.6.1.3.

ἐξαίτ-ησις, εως, ἡ,

A demanding one for punishment or torture, D.49.55, IG22.457b19 (iv B. C.), Inscr.Prien.121.26 (i B. C.).

II intercession,

ἡ τῶν φίλων ἐ. D.59.117

.

III demand for satisfaction, D.S.8 Fr.25.

IV petition, prayer, PMag.Par.1.434.

δέομαι (s. δέησις) pass. dep. impf. 3 sg. ἐδεῖτο Lk 8:38 (Tdf. and other edd. have the Ion. form ἐδέετο, so also TestJob 39:8; s. B-D-F §89; Helbing 110; Thackeray 243); fut. δεηθησομαι LXX; 1 aor. ἐδεήθην, impv. δεήθητι, pl. δεήθητε; pf. δεδέημαι 3 Km 8:59 (in var. mngs. Hdt.+). In our lit. only w. the mng. to ask for something pleadingly, ask, request, which predominates also in LXX and En (Jos., Vi. 310 al.), w. gen. of pers.

ⓐ gener. of address to humans ask, request

α. w. inf. foll. (X., Cyr. 1, 5, 4; Herodian 2, 11, 9; Jdth 12:8; 3 Macc 1:16; 5:25; pap esp. in petitions since III B.C.; e.g. PCairZen 236, 4; BGU 1297, 6; UPZ 50, 24) Lk 8:38; 9:38; Ac 26:3 (σου) v.l.

β. w. acc. of thing (X., Cyr. 1, 4, 2; Pla., Apol. 17c; 1 Esdr 8:53 v.l.) δεόμενοι ἡμῶν τὴν χάριν begging us for the favor 2 Cor 8:4. Without gen. of pers. δέομαι τὸ μὴ παρὼν θαρρῆσαι I ask that when I am present I need not show boldness 10:2.

γ. w. direct discourse foll., (I) beg (of you), or please (Gen 19:18; 44:18; PCairZen 639, 15 δέομαί σου, μή με περιίδηις; Vi. Aesopi W 100, 6f P. δέομαί σου, δέσποτα, διαλλάγγηθι Σαμίοις) δέομαί σου, ἐπίτρεψόν μοι please allow me Ac 21:39; sim. 8:34; Lk 8:28; Gal 4:12. W. λέγων added Lk 5:12. Without gen. of the pers., but w. ὑπέρ Χριστοῦ (s. ὑπέρ A1c) added 2 Cor 5:20.

δ. w. ἵνα foll. (Sir 37:15; 38:14; 1 Esdr 4:46; Jos., Ant. 12, 121) Lk 9:40; 11:37 D; B 12:7; Hs 5, 4, 1.

ⓑ of petition to God (w. αἰτεῖσθαι) δεώμεθα … ἀπὸ τοῦ ἐλέους αὐτοῦ, ἵνα 1 Cl 50:2. W. gen. (cp. Epict. 2, 7, 12 in a simile about petitioning a bird-augur as one would a deity; PsSol 2:22 of one petitioning τοῦ προσώπου κυρίου) τοῦ θεοῦ praying to God Ac 10:2; τοῦ κυρίου ἵνα Hv 3, 1, 2; Pol. 6:2. Other constructions in address to God: w. εἰ ἄρα foll. Ac 8:22, ὅπως (cp. Ael. Aristid. 35, 28 K.=9 p. 108 D.; Aesop, Fab. 63 P.=117 H.: ἐδεήθη αὐτῶν ὅπως; Jos., Ant. 9, 9) Mt 9:38; Lk 10:2; δ. πρὸς τὸν κύριον (Ps 29:9; 141, 1; Is 37:4) w. ὑπὲρ τινος and ὅπως foll. Ac 8:24 (ParJer 7:24).—Without ref. to the one petitioned: περί τινος (Jdth 8:31; Sir 21:1; 28:4; Da 4:27; Jos., Ant. 10, 203) B 13:2 (Gen 25:21); w. ἵνα foll. Lk 21:36; 22:32; w. εἰς and inf. foll. 1 Th 3:10; δ. ἐπὶ τῶν προσευχῶν ask in prayer w. εἴ πως foll. Ro 1:10. Abs. (Tob 3:11; 3 Macc 1:24; 2:10; En 12:6) δεηθέντων αὐτῶν Ac 4:31; αὐτὸς δὲ ἐδεήθη AcPl Ha 4, 6; οἱ δεόμενοι those who pray (Lucian, Tim. 5; 8; Wsd 16:25) 1 Cl 59:4.—DCrump, Jesus the Intercessor ’92.—DELG s.v. δέω 2. M-M. TW.

διότι conj. (Hdt.+) (B-D-F §294, 4; 456, 1; Rob. ind.; Meisterhans³-Schw. 252f; Mayser 161; Thackeray 138f; FKälker, Quaest. de Eloc. Polyb. 1880, 243f; 300) a marker used to establish an intimate connection between two statements.

① marker of a causal connection between two statements, because (=διὰ τοῦτο ὅτι ‘for the reason that, in view of the fact that’) in causal clauses Lk 2:7; 21:28; Ac 17:31 v.l.; Ro 8:21 v.l. (but s. 4); 1 Cor 15:9; Phil 2:26; 1 Th 2:8; 4:6; Hb 11:5 (Gen 5:24), 23; Js 4:3; Dg 6:5; Hv 3, 5, 4; m 12, 3, 4; Hs 9, 14, 4.

② marker used to introduce an inference, therefore (=διὰ τοῦτο) Ac 13:35; 20:26.

③ marker used to indicate why someth. just stated can reasonably be considered valid, used in place of ὅτι (TestAbr A 11 p. 90, 6 [Stone p. 28]; TestJob 49:3): for Lk 1:13; Ac 10:20 v.l.; 18:10; 22:18; Ro 1:19–21; 3:20; 8:7; Gal 2:16 v.l.; 1 Th 2:18; 1 Pt 1:16ab (v.l.), 24 (ὅτι P⁷²); 2:6.

④ marker of discourse content, that (Teles p. 46, 4; 47, 12; 48, 11; Antig. Car. 149; 152; Diod S 4, 10, 7; 4, 23, 2 al.; Epict. 4, 7, 8; Dio Chrys. 21 [38], 14; Celsus 2, 49; SIG 1169, 24f; Sb 7638, 8 [257 B.C.]; UPZ 15, 24 [156 B.C.] ἐπίγνωσιν διότι=ὅτι; UPZ 16, 15 in a parallel concept of the same petition]; EpArist 151; Jos., Bell. 3, 475, Ant. 15, 142) Ro 8:21 v.l. (s. 1 above).—M-M.

ἐντυγχάνω fut. 2 pl. ἐντεύξεσθε (Just., A I, 45, 6); 2 aor. ἐνέτυχον; 1 aor. subj. mid. ἐντεύξωμαι Hm 10, 2, 5 (cp. the simplex 2 Macc 15:7) in various senses: ‘meet, turn to, approach, appeal, petition’ (s. τυγχάνω; Soph., Hdt.+).

① to make an earnest request through contact with the pers. approached

ⓐ approach or appeal to someone, τινί (Polyb. 4, 30, 1; Diod S 19, 60, 1; OGI 664, 10; 669, 46; SIG 820, 13 [I A.D.]; PTebt 58, 43; Da 6:13 LXX; Jos., Ant. 16, 170; Just., D. 2, 6 τοῖς Πλατωνικοῖς) MPol 17:2. τινὶ περί τινος (Polyb. 4, 76, 9; PSI 410, 14 [III B.C.] περὶ Ὥρου ἐντυχεῖν Ἀμμωνίῳ; PAmh 142, 10) περὶ οὗ ἅπαν τὸ πλῆθος ἐνέτυχόν μοι concerning whom all the people appealed to me Ac 25:24 (En 22:7 Ἄβελ ἐντυγχάνει περὶ αὐτοῦ [τοῦ Κάϊν]. Of things: Jos., Ant. 12, 18 περὶ ὧν ἐντυγχάνειν μέλλει τῷ βασιλεῖ; Plut, Alex. 692 [49, 4] ὡς περὶ ἀναγκαίων ἔχοντας ἐντυχεῖν καὶ μεγάλων, Them. 125 [27, 2] [s. Field, Notes 140f]). ὑπέρ τινος plead for someone (Aelian, VH 1, 21; PAmh 35, 20; PTebt 183 [II B.C.]) of intercession by the Holy Spirit κατὰ θεὸν ἐ. ὑπὲρ ἁγίων Ro 8:27. Of Christ’s intercession Ro 8:34; Hb 7:25. τινὶ κατά τινος appeal to someone against a third person (cp. PGiss 36, 15 [161 B.C.] ἐνετύχομεν καθʼ ὑμῶν; PAmh 134, 10; 1 Macc 8:32; 11:25; En 7:6 ἡ γῆ ἐνέτυχεν κατὰ τῶν ἀνόμων; TestJob 17:5 καθʼ ἡμῶν) Ro 11:2; Hm 10, 2, 5.—DCrump, Jesus the Intercessor ’92.

ⓑ Since petitions are also directed toward God, ἐ. can be rendered pray (Maximus Tyr. 10, 1b ἐντυχεῖν θεοῖς; BGU 246, 12 [c. 200 A.D.] ἰδότες ὅτι νυκτὸς καὶ ἡμέρας ἐντυγχάνω τῷ θεῷ ὑπὲρ ὑμῶν; Wsd 8:21; 16:28; En 9:3 and 10 al.; Philo, Mos. 1, 173) w. dat. of the one being prayed to τῷ κυρίῳ (w. ἐξομολογεῖσθαι) Hm 10, 3, 2; τῷ θεῷ to God Hs 2:6. Also πρὸς τὸν κύριον (cp. Plut., Fab. 185 [20, 2]) Hs 2:8. περί τινος for someone 1 Cl 56:1; Pol 4:3.

② From the idea of ‘coming across’ or ‘encountering’ a book (Plato et al.) derives the sense read (Polyb. 1, 3, 10; Plut., Rom. 24 [12, 6]; Vett. Val. 358, 25; 2 Macc 2:25; 15:39; Jos., Ant. 1, 15; 12, 226; Just., A I, 26, 8 al.; Philo, Spec. Leg. 4, 161 [a book] ἐντυγχάνειν κ. ἀναγινώσκειν ‘read and attend to’) Dg 12:1.—RLaqueur, Quaestiones Epigr., diss. Strassb. 1904, 15ff.—DELG s.v. τυγχάνω. M-M. TW. Spicq. Sv.

παραίτ-ησις, εως, ἡ,

A supplication, entreaty,

π. παραιτεῖσθαι Pl.Criti. 107a

; μηδεμία τῆς μονῆς π. γιγνέσθω no application for leave to stay, Id.Lg. 915c;

πρόφασιν εἰσδέχεσθαι καὶ π. Plb.16.17.8

; petition, POxy.899v21 (iii A. D.).

II deprecating, Th.1.73; excuse, apology, Plb.39.1.5, Jul.Or.2.64a (pl.), Chor. in Rev.Phil.1.73, etc.; pardon,

ἁμαρτημάτων Ph.2.296

, cf. 223.

2 declining, Plu.2.124b; dismissal, D.C.78.22.

III intercession, begging off, Gorg.Pal.33, D.9.37.

χρημᾰτ-ισμός, ὁ,

A negotiation, giving audience to ambassadors, Plb.28.16.10 (pl.); ἐποιεῖτο τὸν χ. καὶ τοὺς λόγους ib.16.4, cf. Vett.Val.63.20(pl.).

2 decree or ordinance, made by a sovereign or some public authority, D.S.1.64,70 (but χ. στρατηγῶν business introduced by the generals, Decr.Del. ap. J.AJ14.10.14); decision on a case or petition, UPZ25.2 (ii B. C.), OGI139.18(pl., Philae, ii B. C.), etc.

3 administration of justice by χρηματισταί, PCair.Zen. 513 (iii B. C.).

4 any public instrument or document, D.S.14.13, Supp.Epigr.3.367.34 (Lebad., ii B.C.), LXX 2 Ma.11.17; public records, PEnteux.22.9 (iii B. C.), PPar.65.15 (ii B. C.), Chron.Lind.A.7 (pl.), Supp.Epigr.3.674.32 (Rhodes, ii B. C.).

b generally, deed, legal instrument, Arch.Pap.4.130iii 41 (ii A. D.), etc.; δημόσιος χ. notarial instrument, Mitteis Chr.200.9 (iii A. D.), etc.: pl., ib.192.35 (Edict of Mettius Rufus, i A. D.); τῶν δούλων τοὺς χ. the title-deeds referring to the slaves, PUniv.Giss.20.8 (ii A. D.).

5 oracular response, divine injunction or warning, LXX 2.Ma.2.4, Ep.Rom.11.4, Artem.1.2, Vett.Val.1.7, PMag.Par.1.2206.

II (from [voice] Med.) doing business for one's own gain, money-making, freq. in Pl.,

ἀμελήσας χρηματις μοῦ καὶ οἰκονομίας Ap. 36b

;

ἰάτρευσις καὶ ὁ ἄλλος χ. R. 357c

;

χ. διὰ βαναυσίας καὶ τόκων Lg. 743d

; ὁ ἐκ γῆς χ. ib. 949e: pl., R. 465c, Lg. 741e, Isoc.3.50;

χρηματισμός, οὐ λῃτουργία γέγονεν ἡ τριηραρχία D.21.167

.

III later, appellation, title, designation, SIG739.2 (Delph., i B. C.), D.L.1.48 (pl.); use of a name or designation, Arch.Pap.4.122v7 (ii A. D.); simply, name, Dosith.p.382K.

IV 'affair', χ. εὔχρηστος (of σπάργανα) Sor.1.111 (sed leg. σχημ-.)

ἀξί-ωσις, gen. εως, [dialect] Ion. ιος, ἡ,

A thinking worthy, τῆς ἀξιώσιος εἵνεκα τῆς ἐμεῦ γῆμαι for your deeming it fit to marry from my family, Hdt.6.130.

2 being thought worthy, one's reputation, character,

διὰ τὴν προϋπάρχουσαν ἀ. Th.1.138

, cf. 6.54;

τὴν ἀ. μὴ ἀφανίζειν Id.2.61

; excellence,

τῶν ποιημάτων D.H.Comp.4

.

3 dignity, rank, Id.6.71, al., App.BC1.79;

λοχαγοῦ τάξις καὶ ἀ. Arr.Tact.12.4

.

4 dignity of style, D.H.Comp. 18.

II demand, claim, on grounds of merit (opp. χρεία, on grounds of necessity), Th.1.37; ἀ. χάριτος ib.41, cf. Plb.1.67.10, PRyl.120.17 (ii A. D.), etc.; generally, request,

ἐχθροῦ δεηθέντος μὴ ἀποστραφῇς τὴν ἀ. Epicur.Fr. 215

.

b petition,

ἀ. ἔγγραφος Plu. Demetr.42

; = libellus, D.C.60.30.

III opinion, principle, maxim,

τὴν ἀ. ταύτην εἰλήφεσαν.. Th.2.88

, cf. Aeschin.3.220.

IV ἀ. τῶν ὀνομάτων ἐς τὰ ἔργα the established meaning of words, Th.3.82.

ἐμβάλλω, [tense] fut. - βᾰλῶ: [tense] pf. - βέβληκα: [tense] aor. 2 ἐνέβᾰλον ([voice] Pass. is mostly supplied by ἐμπίπτω):—

A throw in,

τινὰ πόντῳ Il.14.258

; μιν.. χερσὶν' Ἀχιλλῆος θεὸς ἔμβαλεν let him fall into Achilles' hands, 21.47;

ἐ. νιν βροτοῦ ἀνέρος εὐνῇ 18.85

;

ἐ. τινὰ εἰς τὸ βάραθρον Ar.Ra. 574

, Nu. 1450;

εἰς τὸ δεσμωτήριον D.53.14

;

ἐ. τινὰ εἰς συμφοράς Antipho 3.4.10

;

εἰς ἀτυχίας Aeschin.3.79

;

εἰς αἰσχύνην καὶ ἀδικίαν Din.3.7

;

εἰς ὑποψίαν Plu.Them.23

;

ἐς γραφάς Ar.Ach. 679

, cf. Hdt.4.72, etc.;

εἰς ἀπορίαν Pl.Phlb. 20a

;

εἰς ἔχθραν D.18.70

.

2 of things, ἵπποις χαλινοὺς ἐ. Thgn.551, X.Eq.6.7 ([voice] Pass.), 9.9, cf. Il.19.394;

πώλοις ἡνίας E.IT 1424

;

ἐ. ψήφους εἰς τὸν καδίσκον D.57.13

, cf. X.Cyr.2.2.21; ἐ. μοχλόν (sc. εἰς τὴν θύραν) Id.An.7.1.12; ἐ. σῖτον (sc. εἰς τὴν φάτνην) Id.Cyr.8.1.38; τοῖς ὑποζυγίοις ἐ. throw food to.., Thphr.Char.4.8; simply, lay or put in, [ἱμάντα] οἱ ἔμβαλε χερσίν put it into his hands, Il.14.218; ἐνέβαλον τῶν χρημάτων [εἰς τὸ κανοῦν] Arist.Pol. 1304a3, cf. Ael.VH11.5; hand in, submit a petition, PPetr.3P.39 (iii B.C.), etc.; ἐ. τὴν χεῖρά τινι slide one's hand into another's, Ar.V. 554; ἔμβαλλε χεῖρα δεξιάν as a pledge of good faith, S.Tr. 1181, cf. Ar.Ra. 754; ἔμβαλλε χειρὸς πίστιν, to which Neoptolemus answers— ἐμβάλλω μενεῖν I give my pledge to remain, S.Ph. 813 (troch.).

3 freq. of the mind, ἐνὶ φρεσὶν ἐ. Od.19.10 (cf. infr. 111.2);

εἰς νοῦν τινί Plu. Tim.3

; ἐ. ἵμερον, μένος τινί, Il.3.139, 16.529; ἐ. νεῖκός τισι to throw in strife between them, 4.444; τισὶ λύσσαν ἐρισμοῦ Timo 28.3;

ἐ. λόγον Pl.R. 344d

;

βουλὴν ἐ. περί τινος X.Cyr.2.2.18

(and abs., ἐ. τινὶ περί τινος to give one advice on a thing, ib.5.5.43 (nisi addendum <βουλήν>))

; ἐ. πρᾶγμα εἰς γέλωτα καὶ λοιδορίαν D.10.75

.

4 throw upon or against,

νηῒ κεραυνόν Od.12.415

;

δαλὸν νήεσσι Il.13.320

;

πέτρον στέρνῳ Pi.N.10.68

; [

Ἀχαιοὺς] πέτραις E.Hel. 1129

(lyr.);

πῆχυν στέρνοις Id.Or. 1466

(lyr.);

λίθον τινὶ εἰς κεφαλήν Antipho 5.26

;

πληγάς τινι X.An.1.5.11

, cf. Plu.Caes.66; so ἐμβαλέτω ἰσχυρότατα (sc. πληγάς) let him lay on.., X.Eq.8.4; ἐ. ἕλκεα to inflict them, Pi.Fr. 111; ἐ. πῦρ set fire to.., Th.7.53; ἐ. ῥήγεα lay on blankets, Od.4.298: metaph., ἐ. φόβον τινί strike fear into him, Hdt.7.10.

έ; ἄταν A.Th. 316

(lyr.); φροντίδας v.l. in Antipho 2.2.2; impose,

ἔργα εἰς τὴν γῆν PTeb.37.7

([voice] Pass., i B. C.); of a fine, BCH8.307 ([place name] Delos).

5 ἐ. ὦμον put one's shoulder to the work, in archery, Hp.Fract.2.

6 put into its place, to set a broken or dislocated limb, ib.24 ([voice] Pass.), Art.1, al., Arist.PA 685b6.

7 Medic., put in, ἀμυχάς, διαίρεσιν, Philum.Ven.7.4, Antyll. ap. Orib.45.24.4.

8 graft a tree, D.53.15 ([voice] Pass.); but simply, plant,

τὰ φυτά IG12(7).62.29

.

9 ἐ. τινί (sc. μάρμαρον) to throw at another, Il.12.383.

10 insert a word or a letter, Pl.Prt. 343d, Cra. 414c, al.;

εἰς κωμῳδίαν στίχον Plu.2.334f

.

11 ἐ. οἰκίαν τινί bring it down upon him, Ar.Ach. 511, cf.Nu. 1489.

12 τάφρον ἐ. make a trench, Plu.Pyrrh.27, Mar.15.

13 pay, contribute,

ἀργύριον IG7.235.13

([place name] Oropus);

τροφάν GDI1884.12

(Delph.).

14 denounce an offender,

ἐς τὰν βωλάν SIG527.103

(Dreros, iii B.C.).

15 intercalate a month, IG12.76.53.

II intr. (sc. στρατόν), make an inroad or invasion, v.l. for ἐσβ. in Hdt.4.125,5.15,9.13, cf. X.Ages.1.29; in full,

ἐ. στράτευμα A.Th. 583

, 1024: metaph., attack, Pl.Tht. 165d.

b generally, burst, rush in,

ἐμβάλλειν εἰς τὴν ἀγοράν Aeschin.2.164

, Lycurg.5, etc.; embark upon,

ἐμβάλωμεν εἰς ἄλλον λόγον E.El. 962

: c. dat., εἰκασίαις Hierocl.p.37 A.;

βίβλοις μακραῖς καὶ δυσελίκτοις Jul.Or.7.227b

.

2 strike a ship with the ram (

ἔμβολος 1.3

), charge or ram it,

νηΐ Hdt.8.84

, al., cf. 7.10.β; ἐ. ταῖς λοιπαῖς (sc. ναυσί) Th.4.14; ξυνετύγχανε.. διὰ τὴν στενοχωρίαν τὰ μὲν ἄλλοις ἐμβεβληκέναι τὰ δὲ αὐτοὺς ἐμβεβλῆσθαι on one side had charged others, on the other had been charged themselves, Id.7.70.

b of water, ἐ. τοῖς ὄρεσι to dash against them, Hdt.2.28: abs.,

τὸ ὕδωρ ἐμβαλὸν τὰ χωρία ἐλυμήνατο D.55.11

.

3 κώπῃς ἐ. (sc. χεῖρας) lay oneself to the oars, Od.10.129, cf. Pi.P.4.201; ἐ. alone, pull hard, Ar.Eq. 602, Ra. 206, X.HG5.1.13.

4 of a river, empty itself, εἰς .. Pl.Phd. 113c.

III [voice] Med., throw in what is one's own,

ὅρκον εἰς τὸν ἐχῖνον D.49.65

, cf. 27.51: abs., draw lots, SIG1006.3 (Cos, iii B.C.).

2 metaph.,

μή μοι φύξιν ἐμβάλλεο θυμῷ Il.10.447

; μῆτιν ἐ. θ. 23.313;

εἰς τὸν νοῦν ἐμβάλλεσθαί τι D.18.68

(later in [voice] Act., PTaur.4.9);

τὸ καρτερὸν ἐμβαλόμενοι X.Cyr.4.2.21

(cf. supr. 1.3).

3 c. gen., ἐμβάλλεσθε τῶν λαγῴων fall upon the hare's flesh, Ar. Pax 1312.

4 put on board ship, PHib.1.152 (iii B.C.), POxy. 1292.3 (i A.D.), Luc.VH1.5, etc.

5 set to work upon,

τῇ γεωργίᾳ PStrassb.111.3

(iii B.C.).

IV [voice] Pass., to be dashed against: of ships, charge (v. supr. 11.2), Th.7.34,70.